A graphic titled "Crime & Punishment" with a stylized, distorted black and white illustration at the top depicting a group of people that also appears to be a spine.

The State of the System

Explore the State of the System (S.O.S.), a first-of-its-kind database mapping over 7,300 crimes across 370 central laws.

In April 2022, we set out to plug the severe dearth of information about the scale and extent of criminalisation in India. Two years later, The State of the System (S.O.S.) was born. The S.O.S. is a first-of-its-kind database of all criminal offences across Central laws of India.

Hosted on crimeandpunishment.in, the S.O.S. is a comprehensive repository of all crimes defined under 370 central laws of India. Spanning 174 years of legislative enactments, it encompasses laws across 45 subject matters. It documents every act and omission that has been criminalised, along with the corresponding punishments. It offers a comprehensive view of how much India relies on criminal law as a tool for governance. 

It allows users to explore the data by law, subject matter, ministry, or year of enactment, and uncover key insights. This database is our attempt at simplifying the complex web of laws, making it easy to explore and understand the staggering scale of criminalisation in India.

While the S.O.S. is at the heart of this initiative, the website also serves as a repository of all our research, opinion pieces,  and, importantly, stories from the ground.

Personal narratives are a powerful tool for driving reform in the criminal justice system. By sharing the lived experiences of those navigating this system, be it as the accused, victims, or other key stakeholders, we aim to offer a more nuanced, human-centred perspective on how the system actually functions. 

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